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18th KPA Annual Scientific Conference
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Africa/Nairobi
PrideInn Paradise Beach Resort & Spa, Mombasa
PrideInn Paradise Beach Resort & Spa, Mombasa
Description
The 18th Kenya Psychiatric Association (KPA) Annual Scientific Conference convenes mental health leaders, practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and innovators for a forward-looking dialogue on prevention-focused mental health care.
Taking place at PrideInn Paradise Beach Resort & Spa, Mombasa, from September 2–4, 2026, the conference is anchored on the theme:
“Building a Mentally Healthy Nation: Reimagining Mental Health through Prevention and Wellness.”
This theme reflects a decisive shift from reactive care toward proactive, lifespan-oriented strategies that promote resilience, well-being, and sustainable mental health systems.
The 2026 conference will explore how early interventions, digital innovation, supportive policies, and healthy workplaces can collectively transform population mental health outcomes. Through plenaries, symposia, workshops, and poster sessions, participants will engage deeply with evidence-based approaches and practical solutions across four core sub-themes:
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Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Strengthening early foundations for lifelong resilience.
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Digital Tools and Innovation: Leveraging technology to expand access and preventive impact.
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Workplace Mental Health: Advancing organizational well-being and productive, healthy work environments.
What to expect:
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Thought Leadership & Scientific Rigor: Cutting-edge research, best practices, and real-world case studies from local and international experts.
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Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Meaningful exchange among clinicians, technologists, educators, employers, and policymakers.
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Networking & Advocacy: Opportunities to build partnerships, influence practice, and shape the future mental health agenda.
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Inclusive Participation: Accepted presenters (oral or poster) will benefit from waived registration fees, supporting broad and diverse scholarly engagement.
Set against the serene coastal backdrop of Mombasa, this conference is more than an academic meeting—it is a strategic forum and a call to action. Together, we will reimagine prevention, elevate wellness, and co-create pathways toward a mentally healthy nation.
Join us in Diani, September 2–4, 2026, and be part of the movement shaping the next chapter of mental health in Kenya and beyond.
18th KPA Annual Scientific Conference
Registration
Intl. Delegates
KPA Members
Non KPA Members
Students
Participants
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Day 1: Morning Session: Dr. Rajab Saddam
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1
Arrival and registration of KPA Conference delegates
KPA Secretaria
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2
MINDCARE: An Intelligent Digital Platform for Accessible Mental Health and Addiction Recovery Support
Mental health challenges and substance addiction remain critical yet underserved issues, particularly in developing regions where access to professional care is limited, stigmatized, or unaffordable. MindCare is an innovative, web-based mental health support system designed to bridge this gap by providing accessible, scalable, and user-centered digital care. Built using modern web technologies and cloud-based infrastructure, MindCare integrates artificial intelligence with human-centered design to deliver personalized mental wellness support.
The platform offers features such as AI-powered emotional companionship, intelligent journaling with adaptive prompts, mood tracking, and a structured addiction recovery support system. It also incorporates inclusive accessibility features that dynamically adapt to users with visual, hearing, or cognitive impairments, ensuring equitable access for diverse populations. By leveraging real-time data insights, MindCare provides tailored recommendations, early risk detection, and continuous engagement to promote long-term behavioral change.
Aligned with the theme of co-creating sustainable futures, MindCare emphasizes community impact through scalable deployment, low-cost accessibility, and integration potential with educational institutions and healthcare systems. Its modular architecture ensures extensibility, enabling future integration of teletherapy, peer support networks, and predictive mental health analytics.
MindCare represents a transformative approach to mental health care by combining technology, inclusivity, and innovation to empower individuals, reduce stigma, and improve overall well-being in underserved communities.Speaker: Mwendwa Antony (Student) -
3
Beyond Metabolic Control: The Emerging Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Psychiatric Wellness, Cognitive Enhancement, and Neuroprotection
Background:
Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) face a disproportionate burden of metabolic syndrome, largely driven by second-generation antipsychotics, leading to reduced life expectancy. Concurrently, emerging neuroscience highlights the profound role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors within the central nervous system (CNS) in modulating mood, reward pathways, and neuroinflammation.Objective:
To review the clinical utility, central mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in psychiatric practice, extending beyond weight management to cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection.Method:
A synthesis of recent translational and clinical evidence—highlighted at the 2026 RCPsych International Congress—examining the CNS actions of GLP-1 agonists, their role in mitigating antipsychotic-induced obesity, and their emerging impact on mood disorders and neurodegenerative processes.Results:
Mechanistic data confirms that GLP-1 receptors in the CNS influence synaptic plasticity and offer robust neuroprotective properties. Clinical updates demonstrate that GLP-1 therapy not only significantly reverses metabolic side effects in patients with SMI but also correlates with improvements in cognitive processing speed, executive function, and potential deceleration of cognitive decline in early-stage dementia.Patient-reported outcomes underscore a dual benefit: profound improvements in physical vitality and an enhanced quality of life.
Conclusion:
GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a paradigm shift from reactive psychiatric care to a holistic, preventive wellness model.Integrating these agents into Kenyan mental health treatment guidelines protocols offers a dual-action pathway to bridge the mortality gap in SMI and address cognitive deficits, aligning directly with proactive public health strategies
Speaker: Dr Catherine Mutisya (MOH & NMHS) -
4
Bridging Mental Health Gaps in Rural Tanzania: Outcomes of a Pilot Training Intervention for Community Representatives and Primary Healthcare Workers From Six Villages
Background:
Low mental health awareness, stigma, training gaps, and limited integration of mental health services in primary care restrict access to care for the majority of Tanzanians. We piloted a mental health training program for healthcare workers and community representatives from six villages in rural Kilimanjaro region.
Methods:
Outcomes were evaluated using the MercyCorps feasibility assessment tool, including: demand, technical, financial and operational feasibility; knowledge gain, and engagement, and pre-post surveys on self-efficacy and skills. These outcomes were assessed through trends of participation throughout initial and refresher training. Training content was informed by Swahili-translated Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide and Training Manuals. Interactive roleplay and problem-solving-based discussions on stigma and clinical skills were facilitated by four psychiatrists, one clinical psychologist, one senior psychiatric nurse practitioner, and three psychiatry trainees. Initial training was conducted over five days in November 2025, followed by a two-day refresher training in June 2026.
Results:
88 participants registered: 30 village/ward leaders, 24 primary school teachers, 23 nurses, eight religious leaders, and three home-based care providers. 68 participants attended refresher training seven months later, representing 77% retention. All participants endorsed this training as necessary and helpful, and improved knowledge. Self-efficacy rates at follow-up were higher among healthcare workers (89/100) than community representatives (74/100). Additionally, 78% of healthcare workers reported increased help-seeking and referrals to secondary care. Training costs were for daily meals and transport allowance, funded by a non-governmental not-for-profit organization. No participants reported dissatisfaction with training facilitation.
Conclusion:
Our findings underscore the feasibility of conducting short-term training for primary care workers and community representatives, with preliminary indications of increased prevention in their communities. Integrated supervision models and government financing are essential for sustainability. Future strategies should focus on continued strengthening referral pathways and collaboration with local government authorities.Speaker: Kim Madundo (KCMC University) -
10:15
Tea Break
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5
Abstract Presenters Panel Discussion/Q&A
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1
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6
Johnson and Johnson Sponsored Pre-Conference Event
Dr. Priscilla Makau/ Larry Sisei
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7
Burnout, psychological wellbeing, and Organisational Performance Among Healthcare Workers at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya.
Burnout among healthcare workers is a growing public health concern, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare settings. Characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced professional accomplishment, burnout negatively affects employee wellbeing, quality of care, and organisational performance. The study assessed the prevalence of burnout and its relationship with psychological wellbeing and organisational performance among healthcare workers at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 298 healthcare workers across clinical and non-clinical departments at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral Hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing burnout levels, psychological wellbeing, job satisfaction, work engagement, and perceptions of organisational performance. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and key variables, while inferential analyses examined associations between burnout, mental wellbeing, and organisational outcomes. Nearly two-thirds of respondents reported symptoms consistent with moderate to high burnout. The most frequently cited contributors were excessive workload, inadequate staffing, prolonged working hours, and emotional strain associated with patient care. Healthcare workers experiencing higher burnout levels reported lower job satisfaction, reduced motivation, and decreased work engagement. Conversely, employees with better psychological wellbeing demonstrated greater commitment to organisational goals, higher productivity, and stronger perceptions of workplace effectiveness. Organisational support, including supportive supervision, opportunities for professional development, and access to psychosocial support services, was significantly associated with lower burnout levels and improved wellbeing outcomes. Burnout is a significant challenge affecting the mental health and performance of healthcare workers at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral Hospital. Addressing workplace stressors and strengthening employee mental health support systems may enhance staff wellbeing, improve job satisfaction, and promote organisational effectiveness. Healthcare institutions should prioritize burnout prevention and mental health promotion as integral components of workforce management and quality healthcare delivery.
Key words: workplace mental health, employee wellbeing.Speaker: roseline tuyia (psychiatrist clinician) -
Abstract Presenters Panel Discussion/Q&A
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8
Subject Matter Expert/Key Note Speaker: Workplace Mental Health
By Stella Gitia
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13:00
Lunch
All
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9
The Invisible Wound: A Comprehensive Literature Review of the Psychosocial Status of Healthcare Workers in Kenyan Hospitals — Evidence for Trauma-Informed Organizational Interventions
Benjamin Mutuku Kioko, MPhil Clinical Psychology (candidate), USIU-Africa; Clinical Psychologist & Organisational Wellbeing Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya
Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) in Kenya operate within a chronically under-resourced, devolution-disrupted health system spanning public referral hospitals, faith-based/mission facilities, private for-profit hospitals, NGO-run facilities, and psychiatric institutions. Globally, landmark studies — including Gallup's State of the Global Workplace (2024, n=128,000 across 160 countries), McKinsey Health Institute research on the Great Attrition, and the US National Academies' systems framework on clinician burnout (2019) — have established that workforce psychosocial distress is a health system failure, not an individual one. Kenya-specific data has not previously been synthesised against this global evidence base.Objective
To synthesise available evidence on the psychosocial status of HCWs across all Kenyan hospital types, map findings against high-calibre global literature, and derive a modern, evidence-based intervention framework including a trauma-informed organisational model.Methods
Narrative literature review using PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, CINAHL, WHO African Index Medicus, and grey literature (Kenya Ministry of Health, KIPPRA). Studies from 2000–2026 were included, with Kenya-specific evidence prioritized and global literature used to contextualize gaps. Major global reports (Gallup, McKinsey, IHI, SAMHSA, WHO, National Academies) provided the intervention evidence base.Findings
Burnout prevalence in Kenyan hospitals has been reported as high as 95%, with a multi-site COVID-era survey finding depression in 53.6% and burnout in 45.8% of HCWs at three major hospitals. Approximately 75% of nurses in public facilities report low job satisfaction. Not a single Kenyan county has a formal post-incident psychological debriefing protocol. Structural drivers — understaffing, devolution disruptions, moral injury-generating working conditions, and near-total absence of psychosocial support — are consistent across all facility types including faith-based and private hospitals. The evidence maps precisely onto global frameworks identifying toxic organizational culture as ten times more predictive of workforce exit than salary.Conclusions and Relevance to Conference Theme
Kenya's healthcare workforce carries a heavy, structurally generated psychosocial burden with no institutional support architecture. This presentation argues for a shift from individual resilience models to trauma-informed organizational practice — grounded in SAMHSA, IHI, and National Academies frameworks — as the evidence-based approach for Kenya. A four-level modern intervention roadmap is presented, applicable across public, faith-based, and private facilities, directly supporting the conference theme of building mentally healthy workplaces and sustainable mental health systems.Keywords
Burnout; healthcare workers; psychosocial wellbeing; Kenya; moral injury; trauma-informed care; job satisfaction; devolution; workforce policySpeaker: Mr Benjamin Mutuku (Beracah Wellness Services) -
10
Strengthening Workplace Mental Health and Organizational Well-being through Employee Wellness Programs: Implementation Experience from Oasis Healthcare Group Limited, Kenya
This presentation highlights the development, implementation, and outcomes of a comprehensive workplace wellness program at Oasis Healthcare Group Limited. It will share findings from a mental health needs assessment among healthcare workers, key workplace stressors identified, and the interventions introduced to address employee well-being. The session will discuss lessons learned, practical implementation strategies, and the role of mental health promotion, psychosocial support, physical wellness, and financial literacy in strengthening workforce resilience and organizational culture within healthcare settings.
Speaker: HARIET WAMBUI (KENYA COUNSELORS AND PSYCHOLOGIST BOARD) -
11
Differences in Individual and Work-Related Psychosocial Factors Associated with Perceived Stress, Burnout, and Depression Among Maternity Care Providers in Kenya and Ghana.
Background: Healthcare professionals worldwide experience high stress, burnout, and depression rates, which affect care quality, patient safety, and workforce retention. These challenges are particularly pronounced in demanding clinical settings, especially in maternity care, which is high-pressure, emotional, and time-sensitive. Despite these challenges, the mental health of maternity care providers is under-researched, even though their well-being impacts care and outcomes for mothers and babies. In sub-Saharan Africa in particular, health systems struggle with workforce shortages, high patient loads, and limited resources. Few studies compare maternity care providers across these countries or examine factors linked to stress, burnout, and depression.
Objective: Our study examines perceived stress, burnout, and depression among maternal health providers in Ghana and Kenya, focusing on workplace factors, including workload, effort–reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and individual factors such as sleep quality, health, and socio-demographics.
Method: This study is part of a larger trial evaluating the effectiveness of the Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience (CPIPE) intervention and presents baseline cross-sectional findings from maternity care providers working in Migori and Homabay, Kenya, and Northern Ghana. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. Perceived stress was measured using the 10-item Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, burnout with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout measure, and depression with the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics examined the distribution of outcome scores and potential correlates. Bivariable analysis included cross-tabulation and unadjusted multilevel linear regression; variables with p<0.25 were included in the multivariable analysis.
Results: Of 414 providers, the average age was 36 years (SD ± 6.7). Most were female (83.8%), married (86.2%), midwives (48%), and worked in government facilities (68.8%). Kenyan providers were older, had more males, and included clinical officers. 12.6% had a chronic condition, higher in Kenya (19%) than in Ghana (6.5%; p=0.019). The overall mean perceived stress score was 17.72 (SD 4.56, range 1.00- 35.00). Kenyan providers had significantly higher mean perceived stress (18.42 compared with 17.05; p = 0.001), burnout (2.86 compared with 2.48; p = 0.003), and depression scores (1.20 compared with 0.88; p = 0.012) than Ghanaian providers. Country-specific analyses indicated divergence in factors associated with perceived stress, burnout, and depression. Across both countries, chronic medical conditions were associated with poorer mental health, while good sleep quality and positive perceptions of health were generally protective. Work-related psychosocial factors, including effort–reward imbalance, overcommitment, long working hours, and job satisfaction, were more prominent correlates in Kenya. In contrast, gender, salary level, and facility type were more influential in Ghana.
Conclusion: There is a high mental health burden among maternity care providers driven by both workplace and individual factors. While some determinants are shared across settings, interventions may need to be tailored to address country-specific drivers of provider mental health. Interventions targeting sleep, workload, and workplace support may help reduce stress and burnout.Speaker: Dr Linnet Ongeri (Kenya Medical Research Institute) -
12
Johnson and Johnson Panel Session
By Larry Sisei
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Community Mental Health Initiative-MAT visit at Shanzu
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Day 2: Morning Session: Dr. Nickson Musau
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13
Arrival and Registration / Icebreaker
KPA Secretariat
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14
Subject Matter Expert/Key Note Speaker: Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Dr. Josephine Omondi
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15
Experience and Perceived Triggers of Suicidal Behaviour Among Youth and Caregiver Perspectives in a Tertiary Facility
ABSTRACT
Background: Suicidal behaviour among adolescents and young adults remains a major public health concern. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, qualitative work that captures both youth and caregiver perspectives is still limited. This study explored the lived experience of suicidal behaviour and the perceived triggers and responses to it among young people and their caregivers in a tertiary facility in Nairobi, Kenya.
Methods: This qualitative in-depth study involved young people aged 13–24 years attending the Youth Centre at Kenyatta National Hospital, together with a subset of their caregivers. Recruitment used purposive and snowball sampling until saturation was reached. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated by consensus where necessary, and analysed thematically with NVivo. Descriptive questionnaire data were used to characterise the sample and contextualise the findings.
Findings: The narratives were consistent with socioecological, stress-diathesis, and interpersonal perspectives, showing how individual vulnerability interacted with relational strain, digital exposure, and socioeconomic adversity. Youth described suicidal thoughts and behaviours as usually emerging gradually after cumulative distress. Perceived triggers included school and work pressure, family conflict, relationship breakdown, social media comparison and cyberbullying, poverty, and psychosocial or health-related stressors such as depression, substance use, trauma, and abuse. Caregivers were generally sympathetic, but many reported uncertainty and low confidence in responding to suicidal behaviour. The findings point to the need for integrated interventions that address mental illness, family systems, stigma, access to care, and broader socioeconomic vulnerability.
Conclusion: Suicidal behaviour in this setting reflected the interaction of personal and structural disadvantage rather than a single precipitating event. Prevention should combine youth-friendly mental health care, caregiver psychoeducation, family involvement, school-based support, and community-level action on poverty, stigma, and service access.Speaker: Charlene Gumbo (Chiromo Hospital Group) -
16
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and symptoms of depression and anxiety among the Sauti ya Vijana (SYV) cohort of youth living with HIV in Tanzania
Background: Youth living with HIV (YLWH) are more likely than youth not living with HIV to experience adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). These experiences can increase risk for mental health disorders and hinder coping, potentially affecting HIV treatment adherence and long-term health. This study sought to determine the prevalence of ACEs and their association with symptoms of depression and anxiety in a cohort of YLWH.
Methods: This cross-sectional analysis uses baseline data from 690 YLWH aged 11-24 years enrolled in the Sauti ya Vijana (SYV) clinical trial between March 2023 and July 2024 in Tanzania. ACEs were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) tool. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tools. Associations between ACEs and symptoms of depression and anxiety were examined using linear regression, with sociodemographic factors, social support, and HIV stigma included in the models as potential moderators.
Results: The mean age of our sample was 17.5 years and 64% reported having an ACE score of 4 or more. Emotional neglect (89%), community violence (87%), and parental separation (79%) were the most commonly reported ACEs. ACEs were significantly associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in regression analyses. Having a secondary education level or higher was associated with a larger increase in GAD-7 score per unit increase in ACE score.
Conclusion: ACEs are prevalent among YLWH and have a strong relationship with mental health symptoms. Screening for both ACEs and common mental disorders should be prioritized among YLWH, followed by integrated, brief interventions and linkage to mental health treatment as needed. Interventions must address early trauma and HIV-related stigma to ease the burden of living with HIV and promote long-term HIV care engagement.Speaker: Nasrath Fadhili (University Of Nairobi) -
17
Abstract Presenters Panel Discussion/Q&A
Session Moderator
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13
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Tea Break – Poster Exhibition
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18
Sexual Behaviors, Sexual Violence and their relationship with HIV stigma among Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV in Kenya
Background: Adolescents and youth with HIV (AYH) have poorer treatment outcomes exacerbated by HIV stigma, contributing to onward transmission. To support the development of focused anti-stigma interventions, we assessed sexual behaviors, sexual violence, and their relationship with HIV stigma.
Methods: We utilized baseline data from an ongoing trial across 30 facilities in Kenya evaluating the effectiveness of a psychological intervention among AYH ages 16–24 years with depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] scores>4). Poor adherence was defined as missing ≥2 doses of antiretroviral therapy in the past 30 days. Risky sexual behavior was characterized by any unprotected sex within the last three months, and life time history of transactional sex. Sexual partner type was categorized as stable, casual, or none. HIV-related stigma measured using the Wright’s brief youth stigma scale was dichotomized (Yes if score > median). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for associations between participant characteristics and sexual behaviors and HIV stigma.
Results: Of the 600 AYH enrolled, 67% were female and median age 19.6 years (IQR: 17–22). Majority (60%) were students, unemployed [among those out of school] 182/241 (76%), 68% were single, and 16% double orphans. Majority (85%) had good treatment adherence. Majority (51%) reported ever having sex, with a median sexual debut age of 17 years (IQR: 16–19) and median of two lifetime partners (IQR: 1–3). A third (34%) had a stable sexual partner, 3.5% a casual partner, and 47% no current sexual partner. Only 23.8% and 42.6% reported inconsistent condom use among those with casual and stable partners respectively. Transactional sex was reported by 6%. Experiences of sexual violence were reported by 13%, with a median age of 16 years at first experience (IQR: 14–20). Anticipated stigma was reported by 53%, perceived stigma by 40%, experienced stigma by 14%, and internalized stigma by 13%. Older age (OR: 1.17 [95%CI: 1.09-1.26]), being in a relationship (OR: 1.56 [95%CI:1.07-2.28]) and sexual violence (OR: 3.30 [95%ci:1.74-6.27]) were associated with any HIV-related stigma. Female gender (OR: 1.74 (95%CI: 1.23-2.45]) was associated with only anticipated stigma, having a casual partner (OR: 3.38 [95% CL: 1.31 – 8.66]) was associated with only experienced stigma, and sexual violence with all domains of HIV stigma.
Conclusion:
HIV-related stigma remains common among ALH, with anticipated and perceived stigma affecting a substantial proportion. Sexual relationships and sexual violence are key risk factors for HIV-related stigma, and should be considered when developing anti-stigma interventions. Inconsistent condom use among sexually active adolescents further highlights the need for integrated, adolescent-centered HIV and sexual and reproductive health servicesSpeaker: Nicholas Kipkurui (Peadiatric and Child Health,University of Nairobi) -
19
EXPLORING REPEATED STUDENT UNREST IN KENYAN SENIOR SCHOOLS AND ANY ASSOCIATED UNDERLYING MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES: A PROPOSAL
Background: Kenya’s education history has been punctuated by numerous cases of school unrest in the past. Fatal incidents such as those at St. Kizito Mixed Secondary School (1991), Kyanguli Secondary School (2001), Moi Girls High School (2017), and Utumishi Girls Academy (2026), which resulted in loss of lives and destruction of property, underscore the extreme consequences of unaddressed student grievances and structural friction. At least 330 cases of school unrest had been recorded within less than 2 months in June 2026, including 95 fire incidents and 34 attempted arson attacks, resulting in the loss of 18 learners' lives(1). An arson incident in Utumishi Girls in May 2026 killed 16 students and left 79 students injured. (2)The frequent recurrence of these cases points to unaddressed underlying factors that are being overlooked, pointing towards the need for a deeper and more introspective outlook into this issue to prevent future deaths.
Broad Objective: To explore the causes of unrests in Kenyan Senior Schools and any associated underlying mental health issues.
Specific Objectives:
1. To identify the primary systemic and environmental triggers of repeated unrests in Kenyan senior schools.
2. To assess the prevalence of psychological distress indicators such as anxiety, depression and substance use among students in Kenyan senior schools.
3. To determine the accessibility and effectiveness of existing mental health support frameworks such as guidance and counselling services within Kenyan senior schools.
Methods: This study will employ a mixed-methods cross-sectional design. Using stratified cluster sampling approach, participating institutions will be selected across Cluster 1 to Cluster 4 school categories, for both genders, both private and public institutions and both of those who have had unrest and fires and those who have not. Quantitative data will be captured using structured, self-administered questionnaires incorporating psychological screening tools. Qualitative insights will be drawn from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with the students and separately with the teachers, parents and school heads. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of distress and unrest. Qualitative data will undergo framework-based thematic analysis to contextualize systemic triggers and institutional coping mechanisms. Statistical significance is set at p values of <0.05. Ethical approval will be sought from the relevant institutional review boards, with strict adherence to informed consent, parental consent, and minor assent protocols.
Expected Outcomes: The study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of student unrests in Kenya. This is geared towards enhancing government policy in steering high schools and also guiding the way other stakeholders like administrators, parents and teachers relate with current students. The need for interventions for any underlying issues such as mental health issues that could be causing the unrest will also be identified. Systemic policy reforms and support programs towards preventing future cases of unrest will now be stipulated.COI STATEMENT: The authors declare no competing interests.
FUNDING STATEMENT: This study has not received any funding as of the time of writing this abstract.REFERENCES
1. Daily Nation [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2026 Jul 2]. Ministry: 330 cases of school learning disruptions recorded since April. Available from: https://nation.africa/kenya/news/education/ministry-330-cases-of-school-learning-disruptions-recorded-since-april-5505552
2. Daily Nation [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2026 Jul 2]. Utumishi Girls to reopen as principal sent on leave. Available from: https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nakuru/utumishi-girls-to-reopen-as-principal-sent-on-leave--5513514strong text
Speaker: Dr Njoroge Maina (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.) -
20
STATUS OF MATHARI NATIONAL TEACHING AND REFERRAL (MNTRH) WORKPLACE MENTAL WELLNESS: A BASELINE EMPLOYEE NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY
Background/Aim: Employee wellness is recognized as a critical component of workforce productivity, retention, and organizational culture. Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital (MNTRH), Kenya’s premier psychiatric hospital, conducted a baseline needs assessment survey to address the critical gaps in staff wellness and inform the design of a comprehensive Employee Wellness Program.
Methods: A needs assessment was conducted between 22 August and 7 September 2024 using an eight-page online Google Form. The tool was reviewed, pre-tested and approved by the hospital administration. Data collected included staff demographics, health status, insurance coverage, awareness of wellness resources, and perceptions of leadership and work culture. Descriptive statistics were generated to summarize frequencies and proportions. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality was assured.
Results: A total of 155 staff members (<50% of MNTRH workforce) participated. Respondents were mainly female (73.5%), married (69.7%), and aged 30–39 years (32.3%). Nursing staff constituted the largest cadre (42.6%). Most had worked at MNTRH for 5–10 years (32.3%). A majority (69%) lived in rental housing, with 36.2% commuting >20 km to work and 50.3% preferring to stay in hospital quarters. Health indicators revealed that 10.3% reported medical absenteeism (4.5% was mental health related), and 47.1% experienced work related stress. Although 98.1% had medical insurance (mainly NHIF), only 60.6% reported coverage for both physical and mental illness. Notably, 83.9% expressed preference for a dedicated staff clinic. Awareness of wellness resources was limited: 65.2% were unaware of ongoing wellness talks, 93.5% lacked access to fitness amenities, and 70.3% reported absence of team building activities. Only 5.2% acknowledged EAP availability, 11.6% had received welfare contributions, while only 20% believed counselling services were confidential. Leadership and culture indicators were concerning: 50.3% reported unmanageable workloads, 54.8% felt senior leaders did not support wellbeing, and 60.6% stated leaders did not model work life balance. Stigma around mental health persisted, with 78.1% unable to discuss challenges freely with colleagues. Flexible work arrangements were reported by 55.5%, but 71.6% noted absence of formal complaint mechanisms.
Conclusion: The baseline survey highlights significant gaps in employee wellness support at MNTRH, particularly in mental health services, leadership engagement, and access to structured wellness initiatives. Staff underscored the urgent need for institutional investment in a comprehensive Employee Wellness Program to strengthen wellbeing, reduce burnout, and enhance service delivery in Kenya’s leading mental health referral hospital. Findings from the baseline assessment have already informed policy priorities and guided the design of a tailored wellness program.
Recommendation: To ensure sustainability and responsiveness, MNTRH should conduct regular employee wellness assessments every 2–3 years. This will enable continuous monitoring, refinement of interventions, and alignment of wellness strategies with evolving staff needs and institutional priorities.Speakers: Ms Keziah Movine (Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital), Daniel Mutonga (Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital) -
21
Pharmacist-Led Digital Real-Time Surveillance for Prescription Error Detection and Analysis at a Specialized Level 6 Hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Background: Medication errors are a major cause of preventable patient harm, yet the true incidence is underestimated because traditional reporting systems rely on retrospective, paper-based documentation prone to underreporting and delayed detection. Pharmacists frequently detect clinically significant prescribing errors, yet these interventions go largely undocumented. Digitally enabled real-time surveillance offers a proactive alternative by standardizing reporting and enabling immediate analysis of prescribing trends. This study evaluates a pharmacist-led digital real-time surveillance model to strengthen medication safety and support data-driven quality improvement.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, types, and severity of prescription errors intercepted by pharmacists and to assess the feasibility of a pharmacist-led, real-time digital surveillance tool in standardizing error documentation and supporting timely analysis of prescribing trends.
Methods: This prospective observational study will be conducted over one month at Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital’s main pharmacy. Pharmacists will identify and document prescription errors in real time as prescriptions are processed. Data will be captured using a structured digital tool, standardizing reporting and enabling real-time data entry at the dispensing stage. Variables will include error type (WHO-adapted classification), severity, pharmacist interventions, and potential clinical impact of intercepted errors. The system incorporates a real-time analytics dashboard visualizing prescribing trends across departments, drug categories, and severity levels. From an estimated 7,500 monthly prescriptions and a conservative error rate of 7.5%, the expected error yield is 563. Applying Yamane’s (1967) formula at 95% confidence and 5% margin of error, a minimum of 250 prescription errors will be analyzed for meaningful subgroup analysis across error types, severity levels, and departments.
Expected Results: A higher prevalence of prescription errors is anticipated compared to conventional reporting systems. Most errors are expected to be intercepted by pharmacists before reaching patients, demonstrating the clinical impact of pharmacist-led surveillance. The digital approach should improve reporting completeness and early identification of high-risk prescription errors.
Conclusion: Prescription errors are anticipated to occur at rates much higher than those captured by traditional reporting systems. Combining pharmacist-led real-time observation with digitally enabled surveillance and analytics is a feasible approach to strengthening medication safety.Speaker: Emish Ondiek (Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital) -
22
Digital Mental Health in Kenya: Evaluating User Engagement, Acceptability, and Usability of an AI-Enabled Health and Wellness Platform Among University Students
Background:
Mental health disorders among young adults are a growing public health concern globally, with a disproportionately high burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to mental health services remains limited. University students are particularly vulnerable to depression, anxiety, stress, and poor psychological well-being. Digital health technologies offer a promising approach to improving access to mental health support through scalable, affordable, and user-centered interventions. However, evidence regarding the usability, acceptability, and real-world engagement of such platforms in African settings remains limited.Objectives:
To evaluate the usability, acceptability, and user engagement patterns of the meWell digital health and wellness platform among university students in Nairobi, Kenya, and to describe baseline mental health and well-being characteristics of platform users.Methods:
A mixed-methods descriptive observational study will be conducted among undergraduate and postgraduate students aged 18 years and above at Strathmore University, Nairobi. Approximately 404 participants will be recruited and provided access to the meWell platform for eight weeks. Baseline assessments will include socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and psychological well-being using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Platform usability will be assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS), while acceptability will be evaluated through structured questionnaires measuring perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and intention for continued use. User engagement will be objectively measured through platform analytics, including login frequency, session duration, feature utilization, and retention rates. Qualitative data will be collected through focus group discussions to explore user experiences, barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for improvement. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while thematic analysis will be applied to qualitative findings.Expected Results:
The study is expected to generate evidence on the usability, acceptability, and engagement of a comprehensive digital mental health platform among university students. It is anticipated that findings will identify key factors influencing adoption and sustained use, while providing insights into the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and reduced well-being among participants.Conclusion:
This study will contribute locally relevant evidence on digital mental health innovation in Kenya and support the integration of technology-enabled mental health services within university and primary healthcare settings. The findings may inform policy, platform design, and future implementation of scalable digital mental health interventions in LMICs.Keywords: Digital Mental Health, Telepsychiatry, mHealth, Usability, Acceptability, User Engagement, University Students, Mental Health, Kenya, Health Technology Assessment.
Speakers: Prof. Anne Mathai (Supervisor- UON), Fidelis Waitimu (University of Nairobi)
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Mid-morning session: Dr. Rajab Saddam and Dr. Mercy Karanja
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Keynote Address (1)
Prof. Frank Njenga (Chairman ~ Chiromo Hospital Group)
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Opening ceremony-Chief Guest
KPA President
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Photo Session with Chief Guest
All
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12:00
Lunch
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Afternoon session: Dr. Priscilla Makau
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Legal Aid Presentation
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KPA AGM
KPA Members
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15:30
Tea Break
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Morning session: Dr. Irene Machua
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Registration
KPA Secretariat
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ECSAPsych updates
Dr Simon Njuguna
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PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SYMPTOMS AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN ARUSHA CITY, TANZANIA
Background: Young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) are highly vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to cumulative trauma exposures, including HIV diagnosis, stigma and discrimination, disclosure-related stress, bereavement, violence, and other adverse childhood experiences. In addition to psychosocial stressors, the neuropsychiatric effects of HIV may further exacerbate mood and cognitive disturbances, increasing susceptibility to PTSD. PTSD in this population is associated with maladaptive coping strategies, poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, risky health behaviors, and impaired immune functioning, ultimately compromising viral suppression and progress toward the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. Despite the high burden of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa and limited access to specialized mental health services, PTSD among YPLHIV remains underexplored. This study sought to determine the prevalence of PTSD and associated factors among YPLHIV.
Methods: Between April and June 2025, we conducted a cross-sectional study among YPLHIV aged 10-24 years in Arusha City, Tanzania. Participants were eligible if they were aware of their HIV stauts and provided consent or assent for participation. All participants who attended the clinic during the study period were enrolled. Face to face Interviews were conducted using questionnaires. Stigma and discrimination and perceived social support were assessed using Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSS) and HIV stigma and discrimination scale, respectively. The WHO Adverse childhood questionnaire and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 was used to identify childhood trauma and screen for PTSD symptoms. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with PTSD. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant. The analysis was performed using Stata version 17. The study was approved by th Tanzanian National Health Research Ethics Commmittee.
Results: A total of 153 YPLHIV were enrolled in the study.The mean age was 18.5 years and majority were females (54.9%). 20(13.1%) out of the enrolled participants screened positive for PTSD. About 55.6% reported high perceived social support, 21.6% reported high HIV related stigma and 10.4% has 4 or more Adverse childhood adversity. Individuals with an ACE score of 4+ had 8.8 times higher odds of PTSD compared to those without history of ACE (aOR = 8.8; p = 0.040). Additionally, death of a parent significantly increased the odds of PTSD compared with those with both parents alive (aOR = 4.6; p = 0.022).Individuals with longer time since disclosure which mark long duration of illness had higher odds of PTSD symptoms with each unit increase in time, the odds of PTSD increased by 1.14 (aOR=1.14,P=0.017).Lastly High HIV-related stigma had 4.3 times higher odds of PTSD symptoms compared with individuals with low HIV-related stigma (aOR=4.3,P=0.041).Conclusion: In line with recommendations from the World Health Organization and national HIV care guidelines that emphasize integrated and person-centered HIV services, routine screening for PTSD symptoms should be incorporated into comprehensive care for YPLHIV. Findings further highlight the need for trauma-informed mental health services within HIV care programs. Policies should incorporate structured post-disclosure counseling,stigma-reduction interventions and address childhood adversities to improve overall well-being among YPLHIV.
Speaker: Nasrath Fadhili (University Of Nairobi) -
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Acceptability and Feasibility of the Ushirikiano Treatment Model for Kenyan Adolescents: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Abstract
Background: Adolescents in low and middle-income countries experience high rates of common mental disorders (CMDs) but have limited access to adolescent-friendly, evidence-based care. While Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents (IPT-A) is effective, brief group IPT-A delivered through task-shifted, stepped care has not been rigorously evaluated in Kenyan primary care.Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to examine the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of the Ushirikiano treatment model, a task-shifted, stepped care approach combining a brief (four-session) group IPT A (IPT G A) delivered by community health promoters, with fluoxetine for severe cases where indicated. Ethical approval was granted by the Kenyatta National Hospital/University of Nairobi Ethics & Research Committee (Approval no: P479/06/2024), National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (License no: NACOSTI/P/24/41938), and the Nairobi City County Government (Ref: NCCG/HWN/REC/693).
Adolescents aged 12–18 years with DSM-5-TR major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and/or somatic symptom disorder (N=32) were randomized to the Ushirikiano treatment model or enhanced treatment as usual (eTAU). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected at baseline, post-treatment, and at follow-up at months 1 and 2. The capacity, opportunity, motivation to behavior (COM-B) framework informed the analysis of behavior change.Results: All adolescents in the intervention arm were retained compared with 69% in eTAU at the termination phase of the intervention. Intervention fidelity was moderate to high and improved with supervision. Participants reported that the intervention was acceptable, relevant, and supportive, and that they applied IPT-G-A skills to interpersonal and school-related stressors. Preliminary outcomes suggested greater reductions in depressive symptoms and modest functional improvement in the Ushirikiano arm, with most participants achieving symptomatic remission at the month 2 follow-up. Community health promoters reported increased confidence with blended training and ongoing supervision.
Conclusions: The Ushirikiano treatment model appears acceptable and feasible for addressing adolescent CMDs in Kenyan primary care and shows promising early signals of effectiveness. These findings support further evaluation in fully powered trials to determine clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and optimal implementation strategies.
Speaker: Dr Nabila Amin Ali (KPA, MNTRH) -
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The Association Between Digital Screen Time and Pseudo-autistic Behaviours in Children Aged 4–6 Years in Nairobi County
Background/Aim
Digital screen use has become routine in early childhood, raising concerns during a critical period of rapid brain development. Excessive screen exposure has been associated with difficulties in attention, language acquisition, and social interaction, and emerging evidence links prolonged exposure to autism-like behaviours in children without autism spectrum disorder, often termed pseudo-autism. However, evidence from low- and middle-income countries remains limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between digital screen time exposure and autism-like symptoms among children aged 4–6 years in Nairobi County.
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2026 among caregivers of children aged 4–6 years without prior neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Participants were recruited using stratified sampling from community and online platforms across Nairobi County. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, a screen-time and caregiver awareness questionnaire, and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Ethical approval was obtained from the Kenyatta National Hospital–University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee (KNH-UoN ERC), and a research permit was obtained from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI).
Results
A total of 219 children participated (mean age 5.0 years; 50.7% male). Mean daily screen exposure was 4.24 hours, and 81.7% exceeded the World Health Organization recommendation of one hour per day. The mean SCQ score was 9.44 (SD 5.39), while 35 children (16.0%) scored ≥15, indicating probable pseudo-autistic behaviours. In multivariable negative binomial regression, higher SCQ scores were independently associated with male sex (IRR 1.17, p=0.016), rare or absent supervision during screen use (IRR 1.29, p=0.003), and lower household income (IRR 0.77, p=0.004). Older age was protective (IRR 0.90, p=0.006). Each additional hour of daily screen time was associated with a 1.8% increase in SCQ score (IRR 1.018, p=0.035). Awareness of WHO screen-time guidelines was low, with only 34.2% of caregivers reporting awareness.
Conclusions
Autism-like symptoms were common among preschool children in Nairobi County, where screen exposure was high and often inadequately supervised. Although screen-time quantity demonstrated a statistically significant association with autism-like symptoms, the effect size was modest. In contrast, inadequate supervision during screen use emerged as a stronger predictor of elevated symptom scores. These findings suggest that the context and quality of screen use may be as important as the duration of exposure. Interventions promoting supervised, interactive screen use and improving caregiver awareness of screen-time guidelines may help support healthy social-communication development in early childhood.
Ethics Approval
KNH-UoN Ethics and Research Committee approval obtained; NACOSTI research permit granted.
Conflict of Interest
The author declares no commercial or financial conflicts of interest.
Funding No commercial funding was received for this study.Speaker: Dr Marianne Khainga (Uon)
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